Why does Joel's situation increase the risk of his house being targeted by a burglar?

Joel's situation increases the risk of his house being targeted by a burglar due to the absence of capable guardians. In criminological terms, capable guardians refer to individuals or security measures that can deter criminal activity. When a property lacks adequate guardianship—such as neighbors who are vigilant, effective locks, proper lighting, or other community measures that enhance safety—it becomes more vulnerable to crime.

The absence of capable guardians makes it easier for a burglar to act without fear of being caught, thus heightening the likelihood of a burglary occurring. It emphasizes the role of social interactions and community cohesion in crime prevention, suggesting that when people are present to look out for one another, potential offenders are deterred from committing crimes.

This concept illustrates how environmental factors, particularly the presence or absence of guardianship, directly influence crime rates in specific areas. So, in Joel's case, if there are no capable guardians actively monitoring his property or neighborhood, it significantly elevates the risk for burglary.