Which of these theories emphasizes the role of social learning in explaining criminal behavior?

Social learning theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and learned behaviors in the development of criminal activity. This theory suggests that individuals learn behaviors, including criminal ones, through observing and imitating others, particularly within their social environment. It highlights the significance of peer influence, family dynamics, and societal norms in shaping an individual's propensity for criminal behavior.

The focus of social learning theory on environment and social context makes it distinct from the other theories mentioned. Strain theory, for example, explores how societal pressures and the inability to achieve socially accepted goals can lead to criminal behavior, but it does not center on the process of learning from others. Labeling theory, on the other hand, addresses how society's response to individuals affects their self-identity and potential for criminality, while opportunity theory focuses on how the availability of opportunities can influence someone's decision to commit a crime. Each of these theories brings a different perspective, but social learning theory is unique in its direct emphasis on the learning process within a social context.