Which of the following statements reflects a view held by classical theorists regarding punishment?

The view that punishment should be severe enough to deter future crimes is a fundamental principle of classical theory in criminology. Classical theorists, such as Cesare Beccaria, posited that individuals make rational decisions and weigh the pros and cons of their actions. Therefore, they argued that punishment serves a critical function in the prevention of crime by instilling fear of consequences. The idea is that if the punishment is perceived as severe, individuals will be less likely to commit crimes, as the potential costs of criminal behavior outweigh the rewards. This perspective emphasizes the importance of deterrence in the justice system, arguing for clear and consistent penalties to effectively prevent crime.

In contrast, the other statements reflect different philosophies regarding punishment. The focus on rehabilitation and reintegration is more aligned with positivist theories, which emphasize the importance of addressing underlying social and psychological issues. The belief that punishment is primarily a social construct pertains more to critical or constructivist perspectives, which analyze how societal norms shape perceptions of crime and punishment. Lastly, the notion that punishment should vary based on circumstance aligns with more nuanced, individualized approaches to justice, such as those found in restorative justice frameworks, which prioritize context and individual circumstances rather than a one-size-fits-all deterrent approach.