What do classical theories primarily address?

Classical theories primarily address individual choice and rationality by emphasizing the idea that individuals exercise free will when making decisions, including the decision to engage in criminal behavior. These theories suggest that people weigh the potential benefits and consequences of their actions before committing a crime. The foundation of classical criminology is built on the premise that individuals are rational beings who act in their own self-interest and will choose to commit crimes if they believe the rewards outweigh the risks of being caught and punished.

This focus on rationality is a significant aspect of classical theories, as they propose that a crime can be deterred through the imposition of appropriate sanctions and penalties, thus influencing an individual's decision-making process. Rational choice theory, one of the extensions of classical thought, further expounds on this by suggesting that crime is a result of conscious decisions made in the context of perceived costs and benefits.

While other theories may address aspects like human emotions, societal influences, or the imposition of sanctions, classical theories distinctly highlight the role of individual agency and decision-making in understanding criminal behavior. This emphasis on rationality in choice-making is fundamental to the classical perspective.