What concept is common to positivist theories regarding criminal behavior?

The concept that is central to positivist theories regarding criminal behavior is determinism. Positivism is grounded in the belief that human behavior, including criminal actions, is determined by various factors beyond an individual's control, such as biological, psychological, and social influences. Positivist theorists argue that crime can often be explained through these identifiable and measurable factors, implying that individuals do not freely choose their behaviors but are influenced by their circumstances and environments.

Determinism contrasts with theories that emphasize free will and choice, which suggest that individuals have the agency to make conscious decisions regarding their actions. By focusing on inherent factors that shape behavior, positivist theories aim to create a scientific basis for understanding crime, leading to interventions aimed at addressing the underlying causes rather than merely punishing the behavior. This perspective has influenced approaches in criminology that prioritize prevention and rehabilitation over retributive justice.